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Document Type |
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Article In Journal |
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Document Title |
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Bacterial Contamination of Saudi "One" Riyal Paper Notes التلوث البكتيري للعملة الورقية للريال السعودي |
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Subject |
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Bacterial contamination |
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Document Language |
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English |
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Abstract |
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Fomites are inanimate objects that are capable of absorbing, harboring and transmitting infectious microorganisms. Paper currency, an exchangeable fomite, is constantly subjected to contamination. This study investigated bacterial contamination on the Saudi one Riyal paper note. Two hundred one Riyal bills (100 4th version and 100 5th version) were collected in the city of Jeddah for examina¬tion. The notes were examined for bacterial contamination using blood agar and MacConkey agar. Eighty-eight percent of the notes were contaminated with mixed (≥ 2 types) bacterial growth. All 4th version notes had mixed bacterial growth: gram-positive bacilli (79%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (75%), Staphylococ¬cus aureus (38%), Klebsiella spp (21%), Pseudomonas spp (19%), Escherichia coli (9%), viridans group streptococci (VGS) (8%), and non-hemolytic streptococci (4%). Seventy-six percent of the newer 5th version notes had mixed bacterial growth: gram-positive bacilli (68%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (64%), S. aureus (13%), Klebsiella spp (9%), Pseudomonas spp (5%), E. coli (2%) and VGS (2%). These results indicate the Saudi one Riyal paper note is commonly contaminated with bacteria, and may act as a vehicle for the transmission of potentially pathogenic bacteria. The more the bill had been handled the greater the contamination was. |
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ISSN |
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0125-1562 |
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Journal Name |
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Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health |
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Volume |
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42 |
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Issue Number |
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3 |
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Publishing Year |
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1432 AH
2011 AD |
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Article Type |
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Article |
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Added Date |
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Monday, March 14, 2011 |
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Researchers
| محمد صالح بامقا | Bamaga, Mohammed Saleh | Researcher | Doctorate | mbamaga@hotmail.com |
| عصام إبراهيم أزهر | Azhar, Esam Ibrahim | Researcher | Doctorate | Eazhar@kau.edu.sa |
| ماجد حمدي واكد | Wakid, Majed Hamdi | Researcher | Doctorate | mwakid@kau.edu.sa |
| زهيرة محمد السيد | Alsaied, Zahira Mohammed | Researcher | Doctorate | ZALSAYED@kau.edu.sa |
| أحمد عبدالله الغامدي | Al-Ghamdi, Ahmad Abdullah | Investigator | Doctorate | aalghamdi@kau.edu.sa |
| سوزان محمد عبدالمالك | Abdelmalek, Suzan Mohmmad | Researcher | Doctorate | sabdelmalek@uop.edu.jo |
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