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Document Type |
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Article In Journal |
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Document Title |
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CLINICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF CIGARETTE SMOKING ON THE PERIODONTIUM OF SAUDI PATIENTS CLINICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF CIGARETTE SMOKING ON THE PERIODONTIUM OF SAUDI PATIENTS |
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Document Language |
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English |
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Abstract |
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Tobacco smoking has a substantial intluence on periodontal health and disease. It is associated
with an increased disease rate in term of periodontal attachment loss, periodontal pocket formation
and periodontal bone loss. In addition it exerts masking effect on gingival symptoms of inflammation.
The purposes of this study were to examine the clinical influence of tobacco smoking
on the periodontal condition of Saudi patients and to evaluate the effect of smoking on their gingival
blood vessels. The study population consisted of 120 Saudi patients and was subset into two populations:
sixty chronic periodontitis subjects who were non-smokers and sixty current smokers with
clinical and radiographic evidences of chronic periodontitis. The periodontal examination for all periodontitis
patients consisted of the plaque index, calculus index, gingival index, clinical attachment
level, pocket depth, the amount of gingival recession, furcation involvement, tooth mohility and the
number of extracted teeth. Gingival biopsy samples were obtained from twenty subjects (10 smokers
and 10 non-smokers) who were undergoing routine periodontal surgery. Hematoxylin and eosin
staining was used for histological assessment of inflammation, while immunohistochemical staining
with CD34 mouse monoclonal antibody was used to mark the endothelial cells of blood vessels of
each sample. The results of the current study showed that, smokers exhibited signiticantly advanced
periodontal loss of attachment, probing depth, gingival recession, furcation involvement and tooth
mobility compared to non-smokers. Smokers also exhibited a significant suppression in the signs of
gingIval inflammation. The histological and the immunohistochemical results of the present study
showed that the gingival tissues of smokers had the higher proportion of small blood vessels and a
lower proportion of large blood vessels, which was statistically significant. At the same time the difference
between the vascular density of smokers and non-smokers was non significant. In conclusion;
the results of this study suggest that cigarette smoking significantly worsens the periodontal
health resulting in more disease progression and periodontal tissue destruction with little signs of
gingival inflammation. The immunohistochemical staining technique used in this study showed that
the inflammatory reduction was not only due to the repeated vasoconstrictive attacks of nicotine produced
by cigarette smoking but also due to the higher percentage of smaller blood vessels in smoker
more than in non-smoker population. |
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ISSN |
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0 |
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Journal Name |
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Egyptian Dental Journal |
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Volume |
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50 |
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Issue Number |
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2 |
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Publishing Year |
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1424 AH
2004 AD |
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Article Type |
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Article |
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Added Date |
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Sunday, June 20, 2010 |
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Researchers
| مسعد الشربيني | AI-Sherbini, Massad | Investigator | Doctorate | |
| زهير مرشد | Murshid, Zuhair | Researcher | Doctorate | |
| زينب درويش | Darwish, Zeinab | Researcher | Doctorate | |
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