Document Details
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Document Type |
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Thesis |
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Document Title |
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Chemical, physical and bacteriological quality of Public coolers water from the Holy capital (Makkah) الجودة الكيميائية والفيزيائية والبكتريولوجية لمياه البرادات العامة في العاصمة المقدسة (مكة المكرمة) |
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Subject |
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Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture |
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Document Language |
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Arabic |
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Abstract |
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Water coolers spread widely in Makkah city in front of homes, mosques, markets, schools, government buildings and public roads. Because of the disparity in coolers in terms of cleanliness, maintenance, age, and sources of water, which increases the risk of contaminating the water of these coolers, and may result in the health problems for consumers. The current study aims to assess the quality of the water for the chemical, physical, bacteriological characteristics and determine their compliance with Saudi specifications and standards for drinking water, as well as studying the effect of variables (location, water supply sources, presence of filter, plumbing type, cooler age, zone) on the water quality of the coolers and their suitability for drinking, and to suggest recommendations necessary to maintain it from pollution and to do its role that have been developed for the provision of safe drinking water without risk to consumers and a source of charity. The objectives of the study have been carried out on 50 water coolers from 24 district.
The results have shown that most of the coolers are often present next to homes, then mosques, and followed by services. Most of the water coolers supplied sources is from network, and most of the coolers do not have filters, most of the plumbing connections from plastic, mostly old coolers (more than two years), and concentrated in the second zone and then the third, followed by Central.
The analytical results of water showed that eight parameters have exceeded the allowable limits in Saudi standards. They are arranged according to distribution as follow: Lead, Mesophilic coliform bacteria, Sulfates, chlorides, total hardness, psychrophilic, Escherichia coli bacteria.
The results also showed that fifteen coolers (30% of the study coolers) are violated the Saudi standards for drinking water, and mostly present next to the mosques, their source of water from the transport way, most of them do not have filter, most of them are concentrated in the third zone.
Based on these conclusions, the study suggested some recommendations: Public coolers should be placed under the supervision of official agency. The agency should has the power to allow their installation, maintain and follow-up the coolers, and shall have authority over the continuation of coolers operation, suspended or removed, raising the level of environmental and health awareness for the citizen and the resident to explain the seriousness and the importance of drinking water in the coolers, and the immediate handling or reporting to the authorities in the event of any defect in these coolers. |
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Supervisor |
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Dr. Majid H. Hashim |
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Thesis Type |
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Master Thesis |
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Publishing Year |
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1430 AH
2009 AD |
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Co-Supervisor |
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Dr. Mumdoh H. Abdoh |
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Added Date |
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Monday, January 11, 2010 |
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Researchers
| عصام عبد الرحيم جهري | JAHRI, ESAM ABDALRAHEEM | Researcher | Master | |
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